Bhuvan Sarupuri Ph.D.
Research Portfolio

Dancing in Virtual Reality

An inclusive platform for social and physical fitness activities

📊
Survey Study
🎓
Published 2024
🔬
The Visual Computer
292
Survey Participants
6
Motivation Categories
79%
Dance for Fun
66%
Feel Avatar Ownership
Bhuvan Sarupuri Ph.D.

Understanding VR Dance Users

This comprehensive survey study explores how people use virtual reality for dancing, examining their motivations, experiences, and expectations across a diverse user base.

🎯

Research Objective

To understand user motivations, experiences, and requirements for using VR as an inclusive platform for dancing as both a social and physical activity.

🔍

Methodology

Online survey conducted May-June 2021 with 292 participants. Data analyzed using OpenAI's GPT-3 model to identify themes and patterns without human bias.

🌍

Demographics

Participants primarily from North America (49%) and Europe/UK (43%), with 79% male respondents using various VR platforms including VRChat, Beat Saber, and AltspaceVR.

💡

Key Insight

Dancing in VR is a fundamentally different experience from real-world dancing, offering unique benefits for physical and mental well-being while addressing social barriers.

Key Findings

01

Increased Confidence & Reduced Self-Consciousness

Many participants reported feeling more confident dancing in VR due to anonymity, reduced judgment, and the ability to customize their appearance through avatars. Several users stated they never danced in real life but found freedom to express themselves in VR.

02

Different Fatigue Patterns

Users experience similar or less physical exhaustion in VR compared to real-world dancing, often due to distraction from the immersive environment. However, heavy headsets contribute to increased physical strain, particularly in longer sessions.

03

Higher Engagement & Frequency

43% of participants don't dance in real life, but 79% use VR for dancing primarily for fun. Users dance more frequently and for longer durations in VR compared to real-world dancing, with 46% dancing several times per week.

04

Strong Social Connection

VR provides meaningful social experiences that users cannot or do not want to experience in real life. The anonymity and safety of VR platforms enables users to form genuine friendships and romantic relationships through dance communities.

05

Pandemic Resilience

COVID-19 restrictions significantly increased VR dance adoption, with users citing it as their only option for social interaction, fitness, and entertainment while confined to their homes. VR proved to be an effective substitute for real-life events.

"I never danced until I had access to VR, and now it's something I love and look forward to doing."

— Survey Participant P181 (Fitness Category)

Six Motivation Categories

Using AI-powered analysis, we identified six distinct user motivation profiles for dancing in VR, each with unique needs and expectations.

Category 01

Fun

139 participants (48%)

Primary Driver

Entertainment and enjoyment through dancing to music, attending virtual events, and exploring VR worlds.

  • Feel more confident due to anonymity
  • Can express themselves without judgment
  • Enjoy customizing avatars and identities
  • Appreciate the freedom of movement
  • Value social connections made through dance
Category 02

Fitness

61 participants (21%)

Primary Driver

Exercise and physical health improvement while having fun in an immersive environment.

  • Use VR as a fun way to lose weight and stay fit
  • Distraction from physical exertion increases endurance
  • Convenient home-based workout solution
  • Motivated by gamification and challenges
  • Perspiration from headset increases physical strain
Category 03

Social Activity

45 participants (15%)

Primary Driver

Making friends, socializing, and connecting with people who share similar interests globally.

  • Anonymity enables different first impressions
  • Reduced social anxiety in virtual environments
  • Can blame tracking for poor performance
  • Form genuine friendships through dance communities
  • Experience stronger social connections than real life
Category 04

Pandemic

19 participants (7%)

Primary Driver

Only available option for social interaction and entertainment during COVID-19 lockdowns.

  • VR as substitute for real-life events
  • Club feeling despite pandemic restrictions
  • Easier to dance for long periods at home
  • Connect with worldwide communities safely
  • Maintained mental health during isolation
Category 05

Escape

17 participants (6%)

Primary Driver

Escape from real-world constraints like chronic pain, autism, social anxiety, or body image issues.

  • Disassociate from physical body and pain
  • Freedom from mental self-sabotage
  • Gender expression and identity exploration
  • Idealized virtual body without insecurities
  • Safe space for autistic individuals
Category 06

Professional

11 participants (4%)

Primary Driver

Learning dance, teaching dance, or performing professionally in virtual clubs and dance battles.

  • All feel more confident in VR than real life
  • VR as confidence booster for performances
  • Overcome stage fright through practice
  • Safe environment to develop skills
  • Access to supportive dance communities

Impact & Implications

🧠

Mental Well-Being

VR dance platforms provide significant mental health benefits including reduced social anxiety, increased confidence, and emotional support. Users report feeling energized (164), engaged (58), and inspired (31) after dance sessions.

💪

Physical Health

Dancing in VR offers an engaging alternative to traditional exercise, motivating users who might not otherwise be physically active. The immersive distraction helps users exercise for longer durations with less perceived fatigue.

🤝

Social Inclusion

VR removes physical and social barriers that prevent many people from dancing in real life. It creates inclusive spaces for individuals with disabilities, body image concerns, autism, chronic pain, and social anxiety.

🚀

Future Development

Over 30% of participants want better tracking capabilities, lighter hardware, safer community spaces, and more diverse content. Future systems should focus on full-body tracking, haptic feedback, and larger play spaces.

"VR allows me to meet friends that also love dancing, and it allows me to go to digital music venues and put those dancing skills to use. It's helping me to be more fit, and I just enjoy doing it."

— Survey Participant P261 (Social Activity Category)

Methodology

Survey Period

May-June 2021

Conducted online with recruitment through Reddit, Facebook, and Twitter VR communities.

Sample Size

292

Valid participants with VR dance experience after removing 15 incomplete responses.

Analysis Method

AI-Powered

OpenAI GPT-3 used to categorize responses and identify themes without human bias.

Framework

UGT

Uses and Gratifications Theory applied to understand user motivations and expectations.

Research Questions

About the Authors

BS

Bhuvaneswari Sarupuri

Postdoctoral Researcher
INRIA, University of Rennes 2

RK

Richard Kulpa

Full Professor
M2S Lab, INRIA MimeTIC

AA

Andreas Aristidou

Assistant Professor
University of Cyprus

FM

Franck Multon

Professor
University Rennes 2, INRIA

Access the Full Research

Published in The Visual Computer (2024), this comprehensive study is available for researchers, developers, and anyone interested in VR dance applications.

Read Full Paper Download Dataset